Extraction of Nanocellulose from Yerba Mate Residues Using Steam Explosion, TEMPO-mediated Oxidation and Ultra-fine Friction Grinding

Extraction of Nanocellulose from Yerba Mate Residues Using Steam Explosion, TEMPO-mediated Oxidation and Ultra-fine Friction Grinding

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In this work, we evaluated the extraction of nanocellulose from agro-industrial residue of yerba mate (YM, Ilex paraguariensis, St.Hil) sticks through chemical (bleaching and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation), physical (steam explosion) and mechanical (ultra-fine friction grinding) treatments, divided into three distinct sequences for educational toys method comparison.The results showed that steam explosion as the initial treatment step makes an increase of up to 23% in the crystallinity index of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) in relation to the raw Stash Cans sample.

The TEMPO-mediated oxidation resulted in more dispersed CNF, verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Samples treated by steam-explosion and ultrafine grinding showed a higher yield in relation to steam-explosion and oxidative treatment (24.3% versus 16.

2% respectively).CNFs with a diameter of 6 nm and a length range of 2200 to 2600 nm were obtained.